2019考研:英语语法解析之指物的关系代词用法 2

2018/5/30 10:09:48 来源: 本站
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  英语水平要提升,光背会单词还不行,还要掌握语法知识。基础复习阶段,遇到的相关语法问题一定要弄懂弄会。下面我们继续一起来学习指物的关系代词用法。

  (2)是用关系代词还是用关系副词:

  关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词,一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分;二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因;三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词,这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。

  如:This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year.

  这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当地点状语)

  This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in.

  这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当介词宾语,可省略。)

  This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year.

  这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。(充当主语)

  This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party.

  这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。(充当宾语,可省略。)

  The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough.

  他给的理由不够充分。(充当宾语,可省略)

  The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough.

  他做那件事的理由不够充分。(充当原因状语)

  This is the house where she lives.这是她住的房子。

  【比较:This is the house (that/which) she has bought. 这是她买的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive.这就是我和你说过极其昂贵的那幢房子。】

  I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an.

  我刚到西安的那年遇到了他。

  That is the reason why he did not come that morning.

  那就是那天上午他没来的原因。

  (3)定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时,从句的动作与主句的同时发生,那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

  例:Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock.

  任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。(不用will touch)

  I would give her anything that she asked for.

  她要什么我就给她什么。(不用would ask)

  The first person who/that opens the door will get a shock.

  第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。(不用will open)

  There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks.

  任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。(不用will order)

  但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,

  如:Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow.

  那些明年出国受训的人员,将从明天开始学习外语。

  :①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时,常用that,而不用which:

  例:Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived.

  爱迪生是曾经有过的最伟大的发明家之一。

  This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.

  这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。

  She was the greatest woman that/who has ever lived.

  她是曾经有过的最伟大的女人。

  ②先行词有the same, the very, the first, the last, all, no, the only, much, little, none, any, every等时,常用that, 而不用which:

  例:He was the first man that we saw in the village.

  他是我们在那个村子里看到的第一个人。

  There is little that is interesting.

  没什么令人感兴趣。

  I still remember the first time that we met.

  我仍然记得我们第一次见面的时候。

  I’ll do anything (that) I can to help you.

  我将尽一切可能帮助你。

  Everything that can be done has been done.

  能做的一切都做了。

  God bless this ship and all who sail in her.

  愿上帝保佑此船和所有乘此船航行的人。

  All that I can say is thank you very much.

  我能说的是(千言万语变成一句话):非常感谢你。

  ③当先行词既有人又有物时,用that,不用which,

  如:We were deeply impressed by the workers and their working conditions that we had visited.

  我们参观过的工人及他们的工作条件留下了深刻印象。

  We listened to him talk about the men and books that interested him。

  我们听他谈论他感兴趣的人物和书籍。

  ④在same和such之后,定语从句用as引导,

  如:Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us.

  让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。

  I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.

  我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。

  I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do.

  如果他做这件事的方法和我一样,那就奇怪了。

  She works in the same office as I do.

  她和我在同一个办公室工作。

  She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does.

  她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。

  He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding.

  他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。

  This is the same watch as I have lost.

  这块表和我丢的那块一样。

  I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are.

  我从来没见过像他们这样的人。

  I’ve never seen such kind people as they are.

  我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。

  I want the same shirt as my friend’s.

  我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

  Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china.

  我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

  但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,

  注:④在same和such之后,定语从句用as引导,

  偶尔,the same 后面也用that,

  如:He’s wearing the same suit that he wore at Mary’s wedding.

  他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。

  She works in the same office that I do.

  她和我在同一个办公室工作。

  This is the same watch that I have lost.

  这块表和我丢的那块一样。

  as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接下列句型。

如:as is known, as is said, as is reported as is announced 等。

  例如:As we all know, Mr. Wang is a good teacher.

  As is known to all, the earth revolves round the sun.

  He is tired, as you can see.

  As I expected, he didn’t believe me.

  As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别:当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which。

  如:He made a long speech, as was expected.

  He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

  Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

  (3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,

  注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:

  例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .

  我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。

  The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.

  我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。

  This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.

  (in which=where)

  我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。

  The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.

  你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。

  This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.

  这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。

  She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.

  她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。

  He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.

  他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。

  注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:

  例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.

  这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。

  He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.

  他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。


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