2019考研:英语语法解析之介词 6
英语水平要提升,光背会单词还不行,还要掌握语法知识。基础复习阶段,遇到的相关语法问题一定要弄懂弄会。下面我们继续一起来学习介词语法知识点。
(五)by,till,until
三者都表示时间范围。by表示到某时,某事或动作已完成,常与完成时态连用;till表示动作或状态持续到某时,口语中常用,通常不用于句首;until与till是同义词,语气庄重,多用于句首表示强调。until与till用作介词时后接表示时间的名词,不能接表示地点的名词。
例句: The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, the larger of which could go penniless by next year. (1997年第1题)
分析: 该句是复合句。the larger of which...是一非限制性定语从句,修饰two trust funds。
译文:社会退休保障计划由两笔信托基金组成,其中较大的一笔到明年可能会分文不剩。
例句: The school authorities did not announce the decision till yesterday afternoon.(或Until yesterday afternoon, the school authorities did not announce the decision. )
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 校方直到昨天下午才公布了该决定。
(六)of,about, on
三者都可译为“关于”,但在用法上有区别。of 一般只表示“提及”某人、某事,不涉及详情;about表示“论及”某人、某事,涉及详情;on表示“论及”详情,比about所涉及的事情更为详细,多用于较正式的文件,尤其在演说或学术论文中。
例句: The logic of scientific development is such that separate groups of men working on the same problem in farscattered laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time. (1998年第16题)
分析: 该句是复合句。that...at the same time是结果状语从句;working on the same problem in farscattered laboratories作men的后置定语。
译文:科学的发展如此富有逻辑性,以至于人们在极为分散的实验室里研究同一课题,却有可能在同一时间得出相同的答案。
例句: On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. (2007年第47题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为it links these concepts to everyday realities。which后的定语从句修饰a manner,as后的状语从句表示时间。
译文:另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
例句: Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (选自2005年Text 2)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中主句为voices now come from many quarters。现在分词insisting作主语voices的补足语,后接两个宾语从句;until后是一时间状语从句。
译文:和吸烟的问题一样,四面八方传来的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学说法不全面,在不确定之前,向大气中排放废气没什么大不了的。
(七)in,with,of
在描述人时:in表示衣着;with表示携带某物或生理特征或某种品质;of表示性格特征或年龄。如:be in green/a man of wisdom(a lady of virtue) /a girl of 18/a child with a big head。
例句: The mayor is a woman with great integrity and therefore deserves our political and financial support. (2000年第35题)
分析:该句是简单句,is和deserves是两个并列谓语动词;介词短语with great integrity修饰a woman。
译文:这位市长是个非常正直的女性,因而值得我们在政治上和经济上给予帮助。
注意: with和of表示属性、特征时,of后通常接抽象名词;with后常接具体名词。
六、小品词短语
当一个介词后无宾语时,它的词性就转化成副词,称为小品词(particle)。试比较:
We live in the same building.
Come in,please!
The soldiers sat around the table.
He looked around, but to his surprise, he saw his father coming to this way.
例句: Yet much had happened between. (选自2002年Use of English)
分析:该句是简单句。between为小品词,意为“(……时间)之间”。
译文: 在此(段时间)之间发生了很多事。
例句: As Ill be away for at least a year, Id appreciate hearing from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. (2000年第1题)
分析:该句是复合句。主句中谓语动词appreciate后接动名词hearing和telling作其宾语,介词along后无宾语,所以称为小品词。从句how everyone is getting along作tell 的间接宾语。
译文:由于我至少有一年的时间不在这里,如果你能时常来信告诉我每个人的生活情况,我将不胜感激。
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